【自动化运维系列教程】Ansible自动化运维工具

一、关于Ansible

基于python语言开发，自动化运维工具
实现IT基础设施设备进行批量管控

1.Ansible的特性

开源的、跨平台的
底层基于ssh协议通信的
no server
no agent
支持playbook剧本
提供API接口

二、部署Ansible

1.关闭防火墙和SElinux、配置时间同步

过程省略

2.配置`yum`源和`epel`源

[root@zabbix_server ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@zabbix_server ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@zabbix_server ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache fast

3.配置`ssh`免密

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@zabbix_server ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.140.11
[root@zabbix_server ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.140.12

4.在管理机上安装`Ansible`

A.安装`Ansible`

[root@zabbix_server ~]# yum install -y ansible

B.查看`Ansible`配置文件和版本信息

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.27		#版本信息
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg		#当前正在使用的配置文件具体位置
  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)]

C.配置子配置文件和连接信息

创建`Ansible`用到的目录

[root@zabbix_server ~]# mkdir /root/ansible

复制配置文件

[root@zabbix_server ~]# cp /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg /root/ansible/

建立连接信息

[root@zabbix_server ~]#  cd ./ansible

[root@zabbix_server ansible]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.27
  config file = /root/ansible/ansible.cfg		#这里配置文件目录为当前目录下
  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)]

修改子配置文件

[root@zabbix_server ansible]# vim /root/ansible/ansible.cfg
inventory= /root/ansible/hosts		#指定清单路径
remote_user= root		#指定远程用户为root
host_key_checking= false		#免除远程yes操作

D.连接客户机

修改`hosts`文件

[root@zabbix_server ansible]# vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.140.10 server.example.com server	#添加服务器 IP地址请更换你的
192.168.140.11 node1.example.com node1	#添加客户机 IP地址请更换你的
192.168.140.12 node2.example.com node2
192.168.140.13 node3.example.com node3

拷贝配置文件给客户机

[root@zabbix_server ansible]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.140.11:/etc/hosts
[root@zabbix_server ansible]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.140.12:/etc/hosts
[root@zabbix_server ansible]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.140.13:/etc/hosts

E.测试

在当前目录下创建一个清单文件

[root@zabbix_server ansible]# vim /root/ansible/hosts

[webserver]
node1
node2

[dbserver]
node3

[all:vars]
ansible_password=centos

测试

[root@master01 ansible]# ansible webserver -m shell -a 'hostname'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
node1
node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
node2

三、Ansible AD HOC

调用模块

1.`Ansible`命令格式

# ansible <被管理机> -m <模块名称> [-a <模块参数>]

被管理机的写法

all所有主机
- [root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible all -m ping
单个主机
- [root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible 192.168.140.11 -m ping
主机组名
- [root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible dbserver -m ping
多个主机组
- [root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible 'appserver:!dbserver' -m ping
  - 差集
- [root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible 'appserver:dbserver' -m ping
  - 并集
- [root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible 'appserver:&dbserver' -m ping
  - 交集

2.关于模块帮助

[root@master01 ansible]# ansible-doc 模块名称

四、Ansible常用模块

1.`ping`模块

测试通信

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible webserver -m ping
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
node2 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

2.`shell`模块

在被管理机上统一执行shell命令
参数
- chdir=目录名称

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible webserver -m shell -a 'uptime'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
 15:57:44 up  6:16,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
 15:57:44 up  6:33,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible webserver -m shell -a 'chdir=/tmp ls -l'
node2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
drwx------ 2 root root 41 5月  15 10:00 ansible_command_payload_5zsIa2
drwx------ 2 root root 41 5月  15 10:00 ansible_command_payload_atZfHF
drwx------ 2 root root 41 5月  15 15:58 ansible_command_payload_NwfW4b
drwx------ 3 root root 17 3月  17 18:42 systemd-private-48a786b208c54b83b538dca3f1ce661b-chronyd.service-Tn7iUG
drwx------ 2 root root  6 5月  15 09:47 vmware-root_648-2688619569
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
drwx------ 2 root root 41 5月  15 10:00 ansible_command_payload_G2bPre
drwx------ 2 root root 41 5月  15 15:58 ansible_command_payload_XYZghL
drwx------ 2 root root 41 5月  15 10:00 ansible_command_payload_yB62n0
drwx------ 3 root root 17 4月  25 14:05 systemd-private-1e71f30e2c1d45379b48a56d28de1db3-chronyd.service-tB2KfM

3.`copy`模块

推送文件
常用参数:
- src=源文件
- dest=目的文件
- mode=权限
- owner=属主
- group=属组

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible webserver -m copy -a 'src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp'

node2 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "599bcb4c95ad1e9d53603eea627fd2f479e948cd", 
    "dest": "/tmp/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "1047c02d8443a9e7e464d10bf2bd9079", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 308, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1684137792.29-5003-272837908617971/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "599bcb4c95ad1e9d53603eea627fd2f479e948cd", 
    "dest": "/tmp/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "1047c02d8443a9e7e464d10bf2bd9079", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 308, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1684137792.3-5002-165795823996149/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ansible webserver -m copy -a 'src=/opt/file02.txt dest=/tmp mode=0600 owner=nobody group=nobody'

node2 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "a8d256841c0d7f59f039d47d2de630af6d9a0f34", 
    "dest": "/tmp/fstab", 
    "gid": 1000, 
    "group": "student", 
    "md5sum": "3ea4524e044adad46cd00afddb7d02d9", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "student", 
    "size": 465, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1684138025.01-5117-280877163462644/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 1000
}
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "a8d256841c0d7f59f039d47d2de630af6d9a0f34", 
    "dest": "/tmp/fstab", 
    "gid": 1000, 
    "group": "student", 
    "md5sum": "3ea4524e044adad46cd00afddb7d02d9", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "student", 
    "size": 465, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1684138025.02-5116-74769411422857/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 1000
}

4.`fetch`模块

从被管理机拉取文件
常用参数:
- src=源文件
- dest=目的文件

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m fetch -a 'src=/tmp/test01 dest=/tmp'

5.`file`模块

管理服务器文件目录
常用参数:
- path=指定文件、目录名称
- owner=指明文件的属主
- group=指明文件的属组
- mode=指明文件的权限
- state=directory创建目录
- state=link创建软链接文件
- state=absent删除文件
- state=touch创建文件
- src=指定软链接的原文件，配合state=link时有用

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file02.txt mode=0666 owner=root group=root'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/nginx state=directory'

6.`cron`模块

管理周期性计划任务
常用参数:
- minute=指明计划任务的分钟，支持格式：0-59
- hour=指明计划任务的小时，支持的语法：0-23
- day=指明计划任务的天，支持的语法：1-31
- month=指明计划任务的月，支持的语法为：1-12
- weekday=指明计划任务的星期几，支持的语法为：0-6
- name=给该计划任务取个名称,必须要给明。每个任务的名称不能一样。
- job=执行的任务是什么
- state=present|absent
  - present创建
  - absent删除

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m cron -a 'name=TimeSync minute=*/30 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate  120.25.115.20 &> /dev/null" state=present'

7.`yum`模块

管理RPM软件
常用参数
- name=软件名称
- state={present|absent|latest}
  - present启动
  - absent关闭
  - latest最新版
- enablerepo=启用yum仓库
- disablerepo=禁用yum仓库

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd state=present'

8.`service`模块

管理系统服务
常用参数
- name=服务名称
- state={started|restarted|stopped}
  - started启动
  - restarted重启
  - stopped关闭
- enabled={yes|no}
  - yes开机自启动
  - no开机不启动

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=started enabled=yes'
[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=stopped'

9.`group`模块

管理用户组
常用参数:
- name=被管理的组名
- state=present|absent
  - present添加组
  - absent删除组
- gid=指明GID
- system=yes|no是否为系统组

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m group -a 'name=jishu state=present'

10.`user`模块

管理用户
常用参数
- name=指明要管理的账号名称
- state=present|absent
  - present表示创建，absent表示删除
- system=yes|no指明是否为系统账号
- uid=指明用户UID
- group=指明用户的基本组
- groups=指明用户的附加组
- shell=指明默认的shell
- home=指明用户的家目录
- password=指明用户的密码，最好使用加密好的字符
- comment=指明用户的注释信息
- remove=yes|no当state=absent时，也就是删除用户时，是否要删除用户的家目录

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m user -a 'name=king groups=jishu shell=/sbin/nologin state=present'

11.`script`模块

推送脚本、自动执行脚本
常用参数:
- 脚本名称

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m script -a '/root/test.sh'

12.`lineinfile`模块

管理文件内容

[root@ansible ~]# ansible webserver -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/hosts line="10.1.1.1 agent01.linux.com"'

13.`setup`模块(重要)

后续的剧本中，会用到这里面的变量
搜集被管理机的状态信息(IP地址、主机名、系统版本、内存大小、CPU型号等)，统称facts变量

[root@master01 ansible]# ansible node1 -m setup 

node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "192.168.140.11"
        ], 
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::20c:29ff:fe37:97c7"
        ], 
        "ansible_apparmor": {
            "status": "disabled"
        }, 
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", 
        "ansible_bios_date": "11/12/2020", 
        "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", 
        "ansible_cmdline": {
            "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64", 
            "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", 
            "crashkernel": "auto", 
            "quiet": true, 
            "rd.lvm.lv": "centos/swap", 
            "rhgb": true, 
            "ro": true, 
            "root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root"
        }, 
        "ansible_date_time": {
            "date": "2023-05-15", 
            "day": "15", 
            "epoch": "1684142821", 
            "hour": "17", 
            "iso8601": "2023-05-15T09:27:01Z", 
            "iso8601_basic": "20230515T172701434185", 
            "iso8601_basic_short": "20230515T172701", 
            "iso8601_micro": "2023-05-15T09:27:01.434185Z", 
            "minute": "27", 
            "month": "05", 
            "second": "01", 
            "time": "17:27:01", 
            "tz": "CST", 
            "tz_offset": "+0800", 
            "weekday": "星期一", 
            "weekday_number": "1", 
            "weeknumber": "20", 
            "year": "2023"
        }, 
        "ansible_default_ipv4": {
            "address": "192.168.140.11", 
            "alias": "ens33", 
            "broadcast": "192.168.140.255", 
            "gateway": "192.168.140.2", 
            "interface": "ens33", 
            "macaddress": "00:0c:29:37:97:c7", 
            "mtu": 1500, 
            "netmask": "255.255.255.0", 
            "network": "192.168.140.0", 
            "type": "ether"
        }, 
        "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, 
        "ansible_device_links": {
            "ids": {
                "dm-0": [
                    "dm-name-centos-root", 
                    "dm-uuid-LVM-OLO7GRb67emHfncffRG1XyiYndhJZ4vj1E07jNy6r1SU11s7MIufjbRxpcUPaBco"
                ], 
                "dm-1": [
                    "dm-name-centos-swap", 
                    "dm-uuid-LVM-OLO7GRb67emHfncffRG1XyiYndhJZ4vjnCZ7d33q36i8rG3z6iYmInKuOP8SlbGi"
                ], 
                "sda2": [
                    "lvm-pv-uuid-8dIHWy-Qxyv-0dZp-bl52-O9s2-4L3q-92KSds"
                ], 
                "sr0": [
                    "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
                ]
            }, 
            "labels": {}, 
            "masters": {
                "sda2": [
                    "dm-0", 
                    "dm-1"
                ]
            }, 
            "uuids": {
                "dm-0": [
                    "39ad21bb-f420-4236-9343-e4c8ad32aefd"
                ], 
                "dm-1": [
                    "0f2f0244-ae9a-4224-bf65-05518c7210b9"
                ], 
                "sda1": [
                    "13d01e00-1f54-4718-bc51-041c787cf659"
                ]
            }
        }, 
        "ansible_devices": {
            "dm-0": {
                "holders": [], 
                "host": "", 
                "links": {
                    "ids": [
                        "dm-name-centos-root", 
                        "dm-uuid-LVM-OLO7GRb67emHfncffRG1XyiYndhJZ4vj1E07jNy6r1SU11s7MIufjbRxpcUPaBco"
                    ], 
                    "labels": [], 
                    "masters": [], 
                    "uuids": [
                        "39ad21bb-f420-4236-9343-e4c8ad32aefd"
                    ]
                }, 
                "model": null, 
                "partitions": {}, 
                "removable": "0", 
                "rotational": "1", 
                "sas_address": null, 
                "sas_device_handle": null, 
                "scheduler_mode": "", 
                "sectors": "36716544", 
                "sectorsize": "512", 
                "size": "17.51 GB", 
                "support_discard": "0", 
                "vendor": null, 
                "virtual": 1
            }, 
            "dm-1": {
                "holders": [], 
                "host": "", 
                "links": {
                    "ids": [
                        "dm-name-centos-swap", 
                        "dm-uuid-LVM-OLO7GRb67emHfncffRG1XyiYndhJZ4vjnCZ7d33q36i8rG3z6iYmInKuOP8SlbGi"
                    ], 
                    "labels": [], 
                    "masters": [], 
                    "uuids": [
                        "0f2f0244-ae9a-4224-bf65-05518c7210b9"
                    ]
                }, 
                "model": null, 
                "partitions": {}, 
                "removable": "0", 
                "rotational": "1", 
                "sas_address": null, 
                "sas_device_handle": null, 
                "scheduler_mode": "", 
                "sectors": "4194304", 
                "sectorsize": "512", 
                "size": "2.00 GB", 
                "support_discard": "0", 
                "vendor": null, 
                "virtual": 1
            }, 
            "sda": {
                "holders": [], 
                "host": "SCSI storage controller: Broadcom / LSI 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", 
                "links": {
                    "ids": [], 
                    "labels": [], 
                    "masters": [], 
                    "uuids": []
                }, 
                "model": "VMware Virtual S", 
                "partitions": {
                    "sda1": {
                        "holders": [], 
                        "links": {
                            "ids": [], 
                            "labels": [], 
                            "masters": [], 
                            "uuids": [
                                "13d01e00-1f54-4718-bc51-041c787cf659"
                            ]
                        }, 
                        "sectors": "1024000", 
                        "sectorsize": 512, 
                        "size": "500.00 MB", 
                        "start": "2048", 
                        "uuid": "13d01e00-1f54-4718-bc51-041c787cf659"
                    }, 
                    "sda2": {
                        "holders": [
                            "centos-root", 
                            "centos-swap"
                        ], 
                        "links": {
                            "ids": [
                                "lvm-pv-uuid-8dIHWy-Qxyv-0dZp-bl52-O9s2-4L3q-92KSds"
                            ], 
                            "labels": [], 
                            "masters": [
                                "dm-0", 
                                "dm-1"
                            ], 
                            "uuids": []
                        }, 
                        "sectors": "40916992", 
                        "sectorsize": 512, 
                        "size": "19.51 GB", 
                        "start": "1026048", 
                        "uuid": null
                    }
                }, 
                "removable": "0", 
                "rotational": "1", 
                "sas_address": null, 
                "sas_device_handle": null, 
                "scheduler_mode": "deadline", 
                "sectors": "41943040", 
                "sectorsize": "512", 
                "size": "20.00 GB", 
                "support_discard": "0", 
                "vendor": "VMware,", 
                "virtual": 1
            }, 
            "sr0": {
                "holders": [], 
                "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", 
                "links": {
                    "ids": [
                        "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
                    ], 
                    "labels": [], 
                    "masters": [], 
                    "uuids": []
                }, 
                "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", 
                "partitions": {}, 
                "removable": "1", 
                "rotational": "1", 
                "sas_address": null, 
                "sas_device_handle": null, 
                "scheduler_mode": "deadline", 
                "sectors": "2097151", 
                "sectorsize": "512", 
                "size": "1024.00 MB", 
                "support_discard": "0", 
                "vendor": "NECVMWar", 
                "virtual": 1
            }
        }, 
        "ansible_distribution": "CentOS", 
        "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true, 
        "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release", 
        "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat", 
        "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7", 
        "ansible_distribution_release": "Core", 
        "ansible_distribution_version": "7.9", 
        "ansible_dns": {
            "nameservers": [
                "114.114.114.114", 
                "8.8.8.8"
            ]
        }, 
        "ansible_domain": "linux.com", 
        "ansible_effective_group_id": 0, 
        "ansible_effective_user_id": 0, 
        "ansible_ens33": {
            "active": true, 
            "device": "ens33", 
            "features": {
                "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", 
                "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", 
                "generic_receive_offload": "on", 
                "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", 
                "highdma": "off [fixed]", 
                "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "loopback": "off [fixed]", 
                "netns_local": "off [fixed]", 
                "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", 
                "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_all": "off", 
                "rx_checksumming": "off", 
                "rx_fcs": "off", 
                "rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_offload": "on", 
                "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", 
                "scatter_gather": "on", 
                "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", 
                "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", 
                "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksumming": "on", 
                "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_nocache_copy": "off", 
                "tx_scatter_gather": "on", 
                "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off", 
                "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", 
                "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]", 
                "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", 
                "udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
            }, 
            "hw_timestamp_filters": [], 
            "ipv4": {
                "address": "192.168.140.11", 
                "broadcast": "192.168.140.255", 
                "netmask": "255.255.255.0", 
                "network": "192.168.140.0"
            }, 
            "ipv6": [
                {
                    "address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fe37:97c7", 
                    "prefix": "64", 
                    "scope": "link"
                }
            ], 
            "macaddress": "00:0c:29:37:97:c7", 
            "module": "e1000", 
            "mtu": 1500, 
            "pciid": "0000:02:01.0", 
            "promisc": false, 
            "speed": 1000, 
            "timestamping": [
                "tx_software", 
                "rx_software", 
                "software"
            ], 
            "type": "ether"
        }, 
        "ansible_env": {
            "HOME": "/root", 
            "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", 
            "LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s", 
            "LOGNAME": "root", 
            "LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:", 
            "MAIL": "/var/mail/root", 
            "PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", 
            "PWD": "/root", 
            "SHELL": "/bin/bash", 
            "SHLVL": "2", 
            "SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.140.10 48140 22", 
            "SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.140.10 48140 192.168.140.11 22", 
            "SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/0", 
            "TERM": "xterm", 
            "USER": "root", 
            "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0", 
            "XDG_SESSION_ID": "27", 
            "_": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [], 
        "ansible_fips": false, 
        "ansible_form_factor": "Other", 
        "ansible_fqdn": "node1.linux.com", 
        "ansible_hostname": "node1", 
        "ansible_hostnqn": "", 
        "ansible_interfaces": [
            "lo", 
            "ens33"
        ], 
        "ansible_is_chroot": false, 
        "ansible_iscsi_iqn": "", 
        "ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64", 
        "ansible_kernel_version": "#1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020", 
        "ansible_lo": {
            "active": true, 
            "device": "lo", 
            "features": {
                "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", 
                "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", 
                "generic_receive_offload": "on", 
                "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", 
                "highdma": "on [fixed]", 
                "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "loopback": "on [fixed]", 
                "netns_local": "on [fixed]", 
                "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", 
                "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_all": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]", 
                "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", 
                "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", 
                "scatter_gather": "on", 
                "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", 
                "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]", 
                "tx_checksumming": "on", 
                "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", 
                "tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]", 
                "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]", 
                "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on", 
                "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", 
                "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", 
                "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on", 
                "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", 
                "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", 
                "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", 
                "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on", 
                "vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"
            }, 
            "hw_timestamp_filters": [], 
            "ipv4": {
                "address": "127.0.0.1", 
                "broadcast": "", 
                "netmask": "255.0.0.0", 
                "network": "127.0.0.0"
            }, 
            "ipv6": [
                {
                    "address": "::1", 
                    "prefix": "128", 
                    "scope": "host"
                }
            ], 
            "mtu": 65536, 
            "promisc": false, 
            "timestamping": [
                "rx_software", 
                "software"
            ], 
            "type": "loopback"
        }, 
        "ansible_local": {}, 
        "ansible_lsb": {}, 
        "ansible_lvm": {
            "lvs": {
                "root": {
                    "size_g": "17.51", 
                    "vg": "centos"
                }, 
                "swap": {
                    "size_g": "2.00", 
                    "vg": "centos"
                }
            }, 
            "pvs": {
                "/dev/sda2": {
                    "free_g": "0", 
                    "size_g": "19.51", 
                    "vg": "centos"
                }
            }, 
            "vgs": {
                "centos": {
                    "free_g": "0", 
                    "num_lvs": "2", 
                    "num_pvs": "1", 
                    "size_g": "19.51"
                }
            }
        }, 
        "ansible_machine": "x86_64", 
        "ansible_machine_id": "8dece1781ceb4ea4b1000cdd617091f2", 
        "ansible_memfree_mb": 1471, 
        "ansible_memory_mb": {
            "nocache": {
                "free": 1606, 
                "used": 213
            }, 
            "real": {
                "free": 1471, 
                "total": 1819, 
                "used": 348
            }, 
            "swap": {
                "cached": 0, 
                "free": 2047, 
                "total": 2047, 
                "used": 0
            }
        }, 
        "ansible_memtotal_mb": 1819, 
        "ansible_mounts": [
            {
                "block_available": 90521, 
                "block_size": 4096, 
                "block_total": 127145, 
                "block_used": 36624, 
                "device": "/dev/sda1", 
                "fstype": "xfs", 
                "inode_available": 255673, 
                "inode_total": 256000, 
                "inode_used": 327, 
                "mount": "/boot", 
                "options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", 
                "size_available": 370774016, 
                "size_total": 520785920, 
                "uuid": "13d01e00-1f54-4718-bc51-041c787cf659"
            }, 
            {
                "block_available": 4100956, 
                "block_size": 4096, 
                "block_total": 4587008, 
                "block_used": 486052, 
                "device": "/dev/mapper/centos-root", 
                "fstype": "xfs", 
                "inode_available": 9146425, 
                "inode_total": 9179136, 
                "inode_used": 32711, 
                "mount": "/", 
                "options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", 
                "size_available": 16797515776, 
                "size_total": 18788384768, 
                "uuid": "39ad21bb-f420-4236-9343-e4c8ad32aefd"
            }
        ], 
        "ansible_nodename": "node1", 
        "ansible_os_family": "RedHat", 
        "ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum", 
        "ansible_proc_cmdline": {
            "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64", 
            "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", 
            "crashkernel": "auto", 
            "quiet": true, 
            "rd.lvm.lv": [
                "centos/root", 
                "centos/swap"
            ], 
            "rhgb": true, 
            "ro": true, 
            "root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root"
        }, 
        "ansible_processor": [
            "0", 
            "GenuineIntel", 
            "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10875H CPU @ 2.30GHz"
        ], 
        "ansible_processor_cores": 1, 
        "ansible_processor_count": 1, 
        "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1, 
        "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1, 
        "ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform", 
        "ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d 91 cd 00 dd 97 a0-86 19 17 7a cc 37 97 c7", 
        "ansible_product_uuid": "CD914D56-DD00-A097-8619-177ACC3797C7", 
        "ansible_product_version": "None", 
        "ansible_python": {
            "executable": "/usr/bin/python", 
            "has_sslcontext": true, 
            "type": "CPython", 
            "version": {
                "major": 2, 
                "micro": 5, 
                "minor": 7, 
                "releaselevel": "final", 
                "serial": 0
            }, 
            "version_info": [
                2, 
                7, 
                5, 
                "final", 
                0
            ]
        }, 
        "ansible_python_version": "2.7.5", 
        "ansible_real_group_id": 0, 
        "ansible_real_user_id": 0, 
        "ansible_selinux": {
            "status": "disabled"
        }, 
        "ansible_selinux_python_present": true, 
        "ansible_service_mgr": "systemd", 
        "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBEJRIK+wptQ36VVPvCLAb/DDkXYC45D+u1lUZrLbp/uUd554tlbGK1AuXeJ/PZ/5GXF/tg0BKCKEBPaF+sIwMxs=", 
        "ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIGRbSN3tNIuTVhZM06Xm3kfxtYmlhCECY+pIfDqmlUob", 
        "ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDQpua6HTb+PhJn/KFHkoZQdJOsfk8iTtVclSEhEAJHFDilxkghvnR2ErYsVmrTXf7EoKwU6S6I/w6QRg3fk2GP6Z4r6o3uO76Cx1rkDC+nf5tQnGIHSgDYxyk3ASVgK0GgSISJVWZr8Okm7gO2sOzQ4VSnuORJ5z0x2bIqobsEIMN+FvfOh7hWSEgAenF3pIP1rpwd+6ADNwo2CALSqi9x7wJ9ClC96ym8X52byL1Eg1ANP7wQ7n+jswLIGJWOoBgXL2w17OMY3AmpLzyvyonl0kb3WKs5boqTmM1TTMvrHD2FOw/NRSVbBfse/3/13Jb5HDXvVLss6qctyfbTCzqd", 
        "ansible_swapfree_mb": 2047, 
        "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 2047, 
        "ansible_system": "Linux", 
        "ansible_system_capabilities": [
            "cap_chown", 
            "cap_dac_override", 
            "cap_dac_read_search", 
            "cap_fowner", 
            "cap_fsetid", 
            "cap_kill", 
            "cap_setgid", 
            "cap_setuid", 
            "cap_setpcap", 
            "cap_linux_immutable", 
            "cap_net_bind_service", 
            "cap_net_broadcast", 
            "cap_net_admin", 
            "cap_net_raw", 
            "cap_ipc_lock", 
            "cap_ipc_owner", 
            "cap_sys_module", 
            "cap_sys_rawio", 
            "cap_sys_chroot", 
            "cap_sys_ptrace", 
            "cap_sys_pacct", 
            "cap_sys_admin", 
            "cap_sys_boot", 
            "cap_sys_nice", 
            "cap_sys_resource", 
            "cap_sys_time", 
            "cap_sys_tty_config", 
            "cap_mknod", 
            "cap_lease", 
            "cap_audit_write", 
            "cap_audit_control", 
            "cap_setfcap", 
            "cap_mac_override", 
            "cap_mac_admin", 
            "cap_syslog", 
            "35", 
            "36+ep"
        ], 
        "ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True", 
        "ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.", 
        "ansible_uptime_seconds": 27961, 
        "ansible_user_dir": "/root", 
        "ansible_user_gecos": "root", 
        "ansible_user_gid": 0, 
        "ansible_user_id": "root", 
        "ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash", 
        "ansible_user_uid": 0, 
        "ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64", 
        "ansible_userspace_bits": "64", 
        "ansible_virtualization_role": "guest", 
        "ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware", 
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python", 
        "gather_subset": [
            "all"
        ], 
        "module_setup": true
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

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centos ansible linux 自动化运维工具

【自动化运维系列教程】Ansible自动化运维工具

https://www.wsjj.top/archives/115

作者

网笙久久

发布于

2023-05-15

更新于

2023-07-19

许可协议

CC BY 4.0

【自动化运维系列教程】Ansible自动化运维工具

【自动化运维系列教程】Ansible自动化运维工具

一、关于Ansible

1.Ansible的特性

二、部署Ansible

1.关闭防火墙和SElinux、配置时间同步

2.配置yum源和epel源

3.配置ssh免密

4.在管理机上安装Ansible

A.安装Ansible

B.查看Ansible配置文件和版本信息

C.配置子配置文件和连接信息

创建Ansible用到的目录

复制配置文件

建立连接信息

修改子配置文件

D.连接客户机

修改hosts文件

拷贝配置文件给客户机

E.测试

在当前目录下创建一个清单文件

测试

三、Ansible AD HOC

1.Ansible命令格式

被管理机的写法

2.关于模块帮助

四、Ansible常用模块

1.ping模块

2.shell模块

3.copy模块

4.fetch模块

5.file模块

6.cron模块

7.yum模块

8.service模块

9.group模块

10.user模块

11.script模块

12.lineinfile模块

13.setup模块(重要)

作者

发布于

更新于

许可协议

评论

2.配置`yum`源和`epel`源

3.配置`ssh`免密

4.在管理机上安装`Ansible`

A.安装`Ansible`

B.查看`Ansible`配置文件和版本信息

创建`Ansible`用到的目录

修改`hosts`文件

1.`Ansible`命令格式

1.`ping`模块

2.`shell`模块

3.`copy`模块

4.`fetch`模块

5.`file`模块

6.`cron`模块

7.`yum`模块

8.`service`模块

9.`group`模块

10.`user`模块

11.`script`模块

12.`lineinfile`模块

13.`setup`模块(重要)